Adding & Subtracting in Your Head
Left to right, friendly tens, round and adjust
Strategy 1: left to right
63 + 28: tens first (60 + 20 = 80), then ones (3 + 8 = 11), so 91. Say the running total in your head, not the digits.
Strategy 2: make a friendly ten
Numbers ending in 8 or 9 are begging to be rounded. 49 + 27: treat 49 as 50, get 77, take back the 1: 76. You borrowed, so you repay.
Strategy 3: subtract by adding up
83 - 57: instead of borrowing, climb from 57. Up 3 to 60, up 23 more to 83: total climb 26. Subtraction is just measuring the gap, and climbing is easier than cutting.
This is the checkout-line skill: is $63 + $28 more than the $90 in your budget? Tens first gives you 80, the ones add 11, so 91: just over. Two seconds, and the close calls are exactly when you finish the ones.